Proteins are one of the four main macromolecules in biology. They have many crucial functions in all living organisms. Research laboratories all over the world study the many types of proteins to better understand the mechanisms of living things
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is found in all living things. It has several functions in cells including playing a role in transcription, translation, regulation and gene expression.
In this post we will cover in detail the definition of chemiluminescence definition and some chemiluminescence examples to get you familiar with the phenomenon and its uses. Chemiluminescence is defined by the release of light from a chemical reaction. This process occurs naturally in fireflies and several types of sea creatures such as jellyfish, in these cases it is also called bioluminescence. Glowsticks, the vibrant party favors, are also a form of chemiluminescence.
Overview of mRNA extraction
The “central dogma” states that DNA gets transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into a protein. The mRNA strands for messenger ribonucleic acid as it is the messenger between the directions of DNA and the creation of proteins by the ribosome. Researchers and industry laboratories extract mRNA from cells to study processes occurring in the cell. mRNA only accounts for 5% of the RNA in the cell so it is important to have a technique which will specifically purify this type of RNA. RNA is also very sensitive to Rnase contamination, which is found all over your skin as an antimicrobial. To avoid contamination it is helpful to have an efficient and simple method for mRNA extraction. A common method for mRNA extraction is the use of magnetic beads.
A protein isolation protocol aims to safely and efficiently separate a protein that you are interested in from a mixture. Isolation of proteins is done from mammalian, insect, plant, yeast, or bacteria samples.
Protein A vs Protein G, what is the difference? They are both bacterial cell wall proteins that have primary binding sites for mammalian immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, including human IgG. Protein G was first isolated from Streptococcal bacteria strains C and G. Similarly, protein A was originally found on the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. These proteins have primary binding domains for the Fc region of (IgG) antibodies, but can also recognize the Fab region of certain IgG subclasses described in more detail below.. For the bacteria this is useful because binding IgG’s at the Fc region prevents macrophages from recognizing them, which in turn prevents phagocytosis of the invading bacteria by the host immune system. For scientists this IgG binding can be used for probing in experiments such as purifications or immunoprecipitations.
Magnetic bead separation is a quick, efficient, clean process that scientists use to replace filtration and centrifugation and separation techniques. Magnetic beads and particles are functionalized with antigens, antibodies,
catalyzers, proteins or nucleic acids, enabling them to bind cells, bacteria, viruses and other biological entities.
These complexes of magnetic beads and their bound materials are then separated from a complex mixture in solution with a magnetic separation rack. The result is an isolated solution of your target biological elements which can be enriched and concentrated through this process.
