Layer-by-layer microcapsules are composed of alternating layers of oppositely charged molecules. These microstructures are beneficial for use in nanomedicine because they can be easily modified. For example, the different layers can be tuned to carry the necessary bioactive molecules while also targetinga desired tissue and triggering incorporation of the bioactive molecule into the cell.
When a magnetic field gradient is applied to a solution containing magnetic particles, aggregates of magnetic particles will separate out of the solution faster than individual magnetic beads. The increased speed is due to an increased magnetic moment as the beads gather and influence the magnetization of those nearby, and also due to a decreased drag force if the beads form chains. Therefore, it could be beneficial to attach a polymer to the surface of the magnetic beads that would help with aggregation.
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A group of Iranian researchers have created a specialized biomagnetic sorbent using technology, which can be used to remove metallic ions from water with a view to being able to separate pollutants from the liquid and extract them.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used widely in both research and clinical realms for magnetic separation, isolation, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and imaging. It is important to examine how these particles change during storage in order to ensure accuracy and consistency. A recent study of particles stored for 12 weeks at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 45°C indicates that the particles significantly change in composition and biocompatibility over time, and that a storage temperature of 4°C allows the smallest magnitude of change.
Through a statistical mechanism lens, magnetism can be explained by a lattice of binary spins that can range from a completely random arrangement to total alignment. The percentage of alignment determines the magnetization of the material. These spins are typically denoted as up (+1) or down (-1), and the energy states of the system are defined by an equation involving the spin values, the applied magnetic field, and the interaction strength between neighboring spins. These energy states can be averaged to calculate a total energy or magnetization of the system. Exact mathematical solutions have been defined for the first and second dimensions, but the third dimension continues to elude mathematicians. However, computer simulation makes it possible to model the behavior of magnets in any dimension in various applied magnetic fields at different temperatures.
In an attempt to improve upon current options for detecting pathogens and viruses, scientists in Beijing, China have created a new method that employs a combination of magnetic separation (MS) and magnetic relaxation switching (MRS). This new MS-MRS sensor is more rapid and portable than previous methods such as ELISA and PCR.
Circulating tumor cells or CTC's are becoming an important target for early diagnosis of cancer. These cells leave the site of a primary or secondary tumor, circulate through the blood, and can potentially lead to metastasis. If doctors are able to detect these cells early it may be possible to stop the spread of cancer before it takes hold. In order to realize this idea it is necessary to capture these cells and keep them viable for in vitro cultures in order to understand gene expression, growth patterns, and catalog identifying surface markers.
Iron-oxide nanoparticles are widely used in isolation techniques, diagnostics, and therapeutic treatments. This large range of applications naturally introduces variability in the way the particles are used and in desired properties and behavior. Luckily, iron-oxide nanoparticles are not all made alike, and one can select nanoparticles based on size, coating, aggregation tendencies, and behavior in magnetic fields. These properties are determined by synthesis methods.
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are multipotent cells that can proliferate rapidly and are able to follow a variety of differentiation pathways including adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, or myogenesis depending on environmental cues.
